學號:402040141
筆記
Ÿ 國際書目著錄標準
Ÿ 機讀編目格式MARC
Ÿ UNIMARC的作用
UNIMARC是一種機讀記錄格式，書目機構以它作為交換書目記錄的標準，各國也可以此作為範本，建立其機讀書目記錄格式，《中國機讀編目格式》就是採取這種方式編成的。
UNIMARC規範機讀書目記錄格式的內容標示（欄號、指標、分欄識別），及書目記錄的邏輯及實體格式。其適用範圍包括：專書、連續性出版品、地圖資料、音樂資料、錄音資料、靜畫資料、投影及錄影資料，以及電腦檔的若干暫定欄位。
Ÿ ISO2709的全名,前五碼的意義(MARC的結構)->
Iso2709的紀錄標示中位置0-4 代表是 這筆記錄的長度
假設記錄標示為00811… 則這筆記錄有811位元組
Information and documentation – Format for information
exchange
ISO 2709 指的是一份國際標準, 規範在資訊及文獻領域裡, 以磁帶交換書目資訊時, 應該遵守的登錄格式, 以便為各系統所接受。
從應用層面來說, 這個格式不含任何控制符號, 純粹祗有資料, 也就是一個個位元組接續構成的書目資訊,可以用任何文書處理軟體看到其內容, 祗是不應以人工方式變動其內容,尤其不能增刪任何一個位元組; 因為很多內容係經過軟體的計算而得來的, 牽一髮而動全身, 沒有任何編目
軟體允許編目員在這個格式下做任何的調整。
在 ISO 2709 的格式裡, 依其性質, 每筆書目記錄的內容, 可以分為四個部份, 依序是:
1. 記錄標示, 最前面的24個位元組。
2. 指引, 每個指引以12個位元組構成, 可以有無數個指引。
3. 書目資料欄
4. 記錄終止符號
中國機讀編目格式的定義和 ISO 2709 原來的定義有點出入, 雖然不是完全相同, 卻是相容的。
Ÿ 電腦可看的書目紀錄(範例) (MARC的結構)
透過電腦可以看到的書目記錄, 大約有四種格式:
磁帶格式(Iso2709)
經由圖書館應用系統計算出來, 專供其他圖書館應用系統讀取, 很難被人直接讀用
驗證單格式
驗證單格式即是欄位格式, 方便編目員校對書目內容的正確性, 祗有編目員才有能耐去讀用
卡片格式
卡片格式即是國際標準書目著錄格式, 以國際標準書目著錄格式指定的項目及標點符號呈現書目的內容, 這是讀者可以瞭解的格式
條列格式
條列格式針對一般的當地讀者, 條列其
書目內容, 對當地語言文化有隔閡的外地使用者, 往往對其內容產生誤解
Ÿ MARC21書目245
Indictors的意義,排序或如何使用
INDICATORS
First Indicator - Title
added entry
Whether a title added entry is made.
0 - No added entry
No title added entry is made, either because no title
added entry is desired or because the title added entry is not traced the same
as the title in field 245.Value 0 is always used when a 1XX heading field is
not present in the record.
1 - Added entry
Desired title added entry is the same as the title in
field 245.
Second Indicator -
Nonfiling characters
Number of character positions associated with a definite
or indefinite article (e.g., Le, An) at the beginning of a title that are
disregarded in sorting and filing processes.
0 - No nonfiling characters
No initial article character positions are disregarded.
Diacritical
marks or special characters at the beginning of a title field that does not
begin with an initial article are not counted as nonfiling characters.
1-9 - Number of nonfiling
characters
Title begins with a definite or indefinite article that
is disregarded in sorting and filing processes. Any diacritical mark, space or
mark of punctuation associated with the article and any space or mark of
punctuation preceding the first filing character after the article is included in
the count of nonfiling characters. Any diacritic, however, associated with the
first filing character is not included in the count of
nonfiling characters.
Ÿ Isbd2010版本適用下列資源
The provisions of the ISBD relate first
to bibliographic records produced by national bibliographic agencies and second
to bibliographic records produced by other cataloguing agencies.
The types of resources covered by the
ISBD include the following:
Ÿ cartographic resources
Ÿ electronic resources
Ÿ moving images
Ÿ multimedia resources
Ÿ notated music resources
Ÿ printed texts
Ÿ sound recordings
Ÿ still images
Ÿ 2010年ISBD的目標,
The primary purpose of the ISBD is to
provide the stipulations for compatible descriptive cataloguing worldwide in
order to aid the international exchange of bibliographic records between
national bibliographic agencies and throughout the international library and
information community.
By specifying the elements that
comprise a bibliographic description and by prescribing the order in which those
elements should be presented, and secondarily the punctuation by which they
should be separated, the ISBD aims to:
Ÿ make records from different sources
interchangeable, so that records produced in one country can be easily accepted
in library catalogues or other bibliographic lists in any other country
Ÿ assist in the interpretation of records
across language barriers, so that records produced for users of one language
can be interpreted by users of other languages;
Ÿ assist in the conversion of
bibliographic records to electronic form;
Ÿ enhance interoperability with other
content standards
ISBD範圍：
規範著錄的細目、順序、標點符號
包括印本及電子的連續資源及圖書。
各國應以此為依據，制定自己的編目規則。
ISBD目標：
明定全球相容的敘述書目記錄, 幫助國家書目機構在國際間互相交換書目記錄。藉由規
範著錄的細目、順序、標點符號, 期望達成三個目標：
（中文）0.1.2
1. 不同來源的書目資料，得以互相交換。 甲國的書目資料可以輕易的被乙國的圖書館接受。不同圖書館的書目紀錄可以輕易被他館接受
2. 跨越語文障礙，即使不認識該語文，仍可識得其記錄的內容。協助書目紀錄跨越語文障礙
3. 協助轉換傳統形式的書目記錄為電子形式的書目記錄。協助轉換書目記錄為電子形式的書目記錄
4.
增進與其他內容標準的相通性
Ÿ NR,N的意思
(R)repeatable可重複的
(NR)不可重複,這個欄位只能有一個,
Ÿ 例：著者敘述欄中可有很多作者,但只能記錄在同一欄中
Ÿ 編目著錄項目的次序
題名及著者敘述項
版本項
資料特殊細節項
出版項
稽核項
集叢項
附註項
標準號碼及其他必要記載項
Ÿ 何謂著者敘述?根據ISBD2010年的版本
statement of responsibility (295)
one or more names, phrases or groups of
characters relating to the identification and/or function of any persons or
corporate bodies responsible for or contributing to the creation or realisation
of the intellectual or artistic content of a work. Statements of responsibility
may occur in conjunction with titles (e.g. the title proper, parallel titles,
titles of individual works contained in the resource, titles in
series/subseries statements) or in conjunction with edition statements
著者敘述
一個或多個字符、詞組、群體，代表負責或有助於作品的知識或藝術內容創作及實現的任何人或團體。著者敘述可能會出現於與題名（例如個人作品的正題名、並列題名，系列題名敘述）或版本敘述連結。
title proper (296)
the chief title of a resource, i.e. the
title of a resource in the form in which it appears on the prescribed sources
of information for the title and statement of responsibility area. The title
proper includes any alternative title, but excludes parallel titles and other
title information. In the case of a section or some supplements and some titles
of subseries or parts, the title proper can consist of two or more components: the
common title (or the title of the main series or of the multipart monographic resource),
the dependent title and the dependent title designation. For resources
containing several individual works the title proper is the collective title. Resources containing several
individual works and lacking a collective title are considered not to have a
title proper. A series or subseries also has its own title proper (See also common title, dependent title,
dependent title designation)
正題名
資源的主要題名，即表單中資源的標題，規定來源資訊出現在題名與著者敘述項。正題名包括任何可供選擇的題名，但不包含並列題名和副題名，在有一片段、一些補充及其他系列、部分提名的情況下，正題名可由二或多個要素構成：共同題名(主要系列或多部分專題資源的題名)、從屬題名和從屬題名標示。對於包含數個個別作品資源的正題名是集體的題名，而包含數個個別作品，卻缺乏集體題名者被認為不具有正題名。一系列或子系列也有它自己的正題名。
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